Field compaction test pdf

Factors affecting field compaction of soil there are many factors which influence the degree of compaction in the field. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Form sm 417b is used for recording the compaction test data. Test methods attachment i lists the test methods that will be used to test soils, granular soil, and aggregates.

Although the intelligent compaction system is not new for field compaction control. The materials were compacted under simulated field conditions. Vibratory compactor method, the marshall hammer test, and the gyratory compactor procedure. Dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and calculations road construction civil engineering new video.

The aggregates tested were a granitegneiss, a crushed gravel, a dolomitic limestone, and a basalt. Humboldt provides a complete line of soil testing products for field applications. The dry density test is carried out in the field to check the compaction of the layers. There are many types of soil compaction tests which are performed on soil. Low shear strength of compacted soil leading to shear failure of the soil and foundation supported on the compacted soil. Conduct research and check with your local university to determine the particle size distribution that will work best for your sports field. Field density test fdt 7 methods and their comparison. Harper formerly assistant research engineer william w. Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction. The forms can accommodate two different formats, metric and english. However, the densities of samples prepared for the cbr test were at considerable variance with those obtained by field.

Dry density of soil by core cutter method for soil compaction. Aashto t 191 contains three very distinct and important sections. Use the following intelligent compaction test strip procedure to establish cir intelligent compaction target values. First the aggregate particles are set in motion and slump to fill the form giving a level top surface. Usda mo ssps field test results depth10 cm depth30 cm depth20 cm depth50 cm depth40 cm 160 170 180 190 200 210. Compaction of athletic surfaces results in a surface becoming increasingly hard. You may be creating a sample for a gradation test and a compaction test on the same sample record. We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. Slump test doesnt give accurate results for the low workability of concrete when the slump is part 3 compaction tests. Quality control of soil compaction using astm standards. Asce professor and director of center for innovative grouting materials and technology cigmat and texas hurricane center for innovative technology thcit, department of civil. Humboldt also provides plate load testers, shelby tubes, lightweight deflectometers and a large offering of.

Determination of field density of cohesion less soil is not possible by core cutter method, because it is not possible to obtain a core sample. Field compaction sheet sand cone or volumeter apparatus. Nuc gages can have significant errors if the extendable probe is located next to a rock 3 inches across. It is important to recognise the two stages in the compaction process because, with vibration. Indian institute of technology gandhinagar department of. On june 27, 1941 the b19 departed clover field in santa monica and landed at. This form is the same as 1793 a except that it also has a section to calculate random testing locations and. But it has a major limitation that this test is not suitable for saturated and soft soils. Compaction test light weightstandard proctor compaction is 2720part vii1980 reaffirmed2011 theory. Some are compactor dependent and some depend on the soil being compacted.

These items include nuclear gauges and the electrical density gauge for soil compaction. The california test methods are currently undergoing ada remediation. Compaction and mechanical properties of soils compacted. Show full abstract moisture contentdry unit weight relationship of the soil obtained from the standard proctor test forms the basis for specification and field compaction control. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. The idea behind using the penetrometer at field capacity is that this is the bestcase scenario for roots. This section includes a sample of each of the odot forms used for submitting samples and reporting test results.

Fdt which is acronym of field density test is a quality control test carried out at site for knowing the increased density or compaction achieved at site on the soil. Normally sand replacement method is adopted for this purpose. On june 27, 1941 the b19 departed clover field in santa monica and landed at march field near riverside, california. Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. There are two proctor tests that defined by the american.

Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service. If the soil is too wet muddy, compaction could be underestimated because the soil acts as a liquid. Is2720part28determination of dry density of soils in place, by the sand replacement method. The modified compaction test first appeared as a construction control in june 1942 5 and has since become known as the modified aashto compaction test. Because of the benefits from compaction, contractors have built larger and heavier machines to increase the amount of compaction of the soil. Diagnosing soil compaction using a penetrometer soil. Type of soil type of soil has a great influence on its. Once the field compaction is determined, a plot of the field moisture density compaction test is then compared to the proctor compaction curve.

Most field compaction tests are now made using nuclear density gages that employ a cesium element. This process assumes you have launched the sample window from the material inspection detail mid window, in the dwr area. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Improper compaction of soil in the field will lead to the dry density of compacted soil less than the required maximum achievable dry density, resulting in the following problems. Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. The factors which affect the degree of compaction are given below. Form will calculate percent compaction for each test and the average of the five tests. Aug 30, 2018 different types of field density test are being practiced in different parts of the world for evaluation of insitu soil compaction and knowing the relative degree of compaction. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture contents. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r.

California test methods version selection caltrans. This is ok, just watch the rates and frequencies required for each test they may not be the. Field density test of soil by sand cone method highway. The intensity of the radiation detected is dependent in part. A prototype field compaction testing program was conducted using the same four aggregates. Test proctor test was originally developed to simulate field compaction in the lab. The field density test of soil is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not. The moisture content dry density relationship of the soil obtained from proctors test forms the basis for specification and field compaction. The materials were compacted under simulated field conditions over two different subgrades in test pits located at clemson university. Intelligent compaction coldinplace recycling test strip procedure pdf the following is a sample test strip report that meets the requirements of the intelligent compaction cir specifications.

If the soil is too dry, compaction could be overestimated because roots will be able to penetrate the soil when it dampens. For field use the forms may be printed in dual units by leaving the box blank, entering e for english units, or entering. In this article, youll know standard compaction proctor test in details from apparatus, theory, to result and much more. Jul 19, 2014 a typical field testing procedure to determine the load bearing capacity of t. D69812e2 standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600 knmm3 density water content particle size.

Asce professor and director of center for innovative grouting materials and technology cigmat and texas hurricane center for innovative technology thcit, department of civil and environmental engineering, university of. Method of test for making, handling, and storing concrete compressive test specimens in the field. At the top of the form is an area that allows the user to switch between the different units. Heavy equipment and tillage implements amplify damage to the soils structure, decreasing pore space and limiting soil and water volume even further. Soils field testing moisture level must be slightly drier than optimum and must fall to left of curve data one points are not recommended for granular material use sfn 10063 and only one column but note on top one point test it will be assigned a test number also embankment construction. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. Jan 27, 2019 standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Results of the tests are used to plot a moisturedensity curve representing the variation in dry density with compaction. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in footpounds per cubic foot of soil. Soil compaction concerns have been growing in minnesota as both annual precipitation and farm equipment size have dramatically increased. Different types of field density test are being practiced in different parts of the world for evaluation of insitu soil compaction and knowing the relative degree of compaction. This chapter discusses the procedures for using aashto t 191.

Thanks to the following for providing some of the slides. Ct 540 july 1, 2001 pdf ct 540 october 1, 1999 pdf 541. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. Wet soils are particularly susceptible to compaction. In geotechnical engineering, soil compactionis the process in which a stress applied to a soilcauses densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains. Compaction is a reduction of air space amongst particles of gravel, sand, silt or clay. Soils field procedures using the sand cone method field density determination of soil compaction is done in accordance with aashto t 191 sand cone or aashto t 310 nuclear gauge. Pdf field application of soil compaction isbel yap. Table 2032 shows test method and frequency for embankment compaction.

In rocky fills the operator should always rotate the probe 90 degrees and take a second reading, recoding the lower of the two values. Similar to method a, but use the average of three inplace density measurements for each compaction test. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability. Cylindrical core cutters of mm long and 100mm diameter are used for testing the insitu compaction of cohesive and clay soils placed as fill. Please see the attached field compaction tests sheet for specific test. Scope this method of test covers the procedure for measuring the inplace density and moisture of soils by the attenuation of gamma and neutron radiation. This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage. Prior to construction of a control strip, a copy of all qc laboratory test results for ls706 required by the.

It was found that the standard compaction test could not reproduce the densities measured in the field and this led to the development of the modified compaction test. The sand cone method is one of the most common methods that are used for field density test in highway construction. Dry density of soil compaction test by core cutter method and. The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its.

Pdf this paper presents an understanding of the current practices and research for nonnuclear field density testing methods. Amount of compaction testing odot compaction testing 203, 205 one test per 2,000 cy 204, 206 one test per 3,000 sy 304, 411 three tests per 5,000 sy one per lift 503 one test every 5th lift 603 one test every 5th lift or one test every 50 lf 840 sgb one test per 300 lf for every lift. Table 2101 shows test methods and frequency for compaction control. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. A new publication available from astm international provides the latest information on the proper application of astm standards for soil compaction for various earthworks. Sand replacement method is also known as sand cone method. Apr 02, 2014 to determine the field density of soil at a given location by sand replacement method. Compaction test 3 t 255 total evaporable moisture content of aggregate by drying itm 1 506 field determination of moisture content of soils. Embankment below subgrade one test for each 2,500 cubic yards of material placed plus. The test variables included were type of soil or base course material, moisture con tent, lift thickness, type of compactor, compactive. Field study of soil compaction transportation research board.

In other words, the density is a comparison of the weight of one cubic foot of material in the field. Proctor tests does not necessarily reproduce the same soil structure and compaction characteristics as the kneading process associated with field compaction. A typical field testing procedure to determine the load bearing capacity of t. Manual 70, quality control of soil compaction using astm standards, combines established soil mechanics engineering fundamentals and the discussions on using the latest astm standards related to those fundamentals. Project site compaction tests 1 6242015 this quick reference guide covers the process of logging and testing compaction samples on the construction site. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. After placement and compaction of the embankment material by the contractor, the inspector then conducts a field density test and a field moisture content test on the lift. The results of these field tests are compared to the. The peak point of the compaction curve is the point with the maximum dry density dry density. Using the following formula the relative compaction can be determined. Geotechnical materials in construction, mcgrawhill, ny test strips are useful to determine which type of compactor and how many passes will be necessary to achieve the desired compaction.