Antennal structure of male and female aphidius rhopalosiphi destefaniperes hymenoptera. Keywords aphidius rhopalosiphi braconidaeparasitoidextended laboratory test. The pea aphid parasite aphidius ervi haliday was tested in the laboratory for its response to transmitted light. When given a choice to respond to a series of two or three monochromatic lights in a series, parasites always chose that light nearest green in the spectrum.
Faculty of biology, institute of zoology, university of belgrade. Leading researchers provide an evolutionary framework for placing moths and butterflies on the tree of life. Influence of wheat and oat cultivars on the development of the cereal aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi and the generalist aphid parasitoid ephedrus plagiator. Aphidius is a small parasitic wasp that specialises in parasitising green peach. Aphidius rhopalosiphi develops through three larval stages with clear differences in the morphology of the mouthparts, tegument sculpturing, and respiratory features that can be related to the different constraints that the larvae have to face. We describe here the types and distribution of antennal sensilla in aphidius rhopalosiphi, a larval parasitoid of several aphid species and observe how this antennal structure is modified after cold storage or heat exposure. The effect of fungus infection of metopolophium dirhodum. Two aphid species metopolophium festucae and acyrtosiphon pisum considered as alternative hosts for cereal aphid parasitoids occurred in the grassy strips. Laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin residues to the aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi destefani.
Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoids praon. Ric muratori,1, anne le ralec,2 georges lognay,3 and thierry hance1 1unite. The pea aphid aphidius ervi system on free shipping on qualified orders. References scientific research articles, journals, books. The adult female starts the process by laying a single egg in an aphid nymph.
S on the identity of cereal aphid parasitoid wasps. My research interests are morphology, evolution, life history and population biology. Selection of an isolate of zoophthora radicans zygomycetes. Several species have been used in biological control programs of various. S on the identity of cereal aphid parasitoid wasps aphidius. Aphid parasitoids in biological control canadian journal of. Effects of life stage, substrate, and crop position on the. The aphidiinae are a subfamily of tiny parasitoid wasps that use aphids as their hosts. The braconid aphidius rhopalosiphi was introduced into new zealand from the uk and france in apriljune 1985, as a biological control agent against the aphid metopolophium dirhodum on cereals. Aphidius rhopalosiphi eurasian species and aphidius avenaphis north america species are phylogenetically, ecologically and morphologically closely related species kos et al. Ecological interactions affecting the efficacy of aphidius.
Development and ringtesting of a standardized laboratory test for. Another potential issue to be considered is that any indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies may not necessarily be affiliated with the active ingredient but due to inert ingredients in the commercial formulation 2,160164. Autumn, winter and spring dynamics of aphid sitobion avenae and parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi interaction. Jan 01, 2012 mass rearing of aphidius gifuensis hymenoptera. Genetic divergence at an average of 6% was recorded between a. Biology introduced to south africa during 1988 from turkey and during 198990 from the u. Myzus persicae was first described by sulzer in 1776 as aphis persicae.
P aphidius colemani aphidius will parasitise many aphid species including the green peach aphid myzus persicae and the cotton or melon aphid aphis gossypii. Aphidius is a small parasitic wasp that specialises in parasitising green peach aphid myzus persicae, melon aphid aphis gossypii, cow pea aphid aphis craccivora and many other aphid species. Compact plants reduce biological control of myzus persicae by. Dixonplant structure and the foraging success of aphidius rhopalosiphi hymenoptera. Guidelines to evaluate sideeffects of plant protection products to nontarget arthropods. In the first instar, adaptations to physical combat with competitors take the form of strong mandibles, active caudae, and dorsal spines that allow crawling motion. Antennal structure of male and female aphidius rhopalosiphi. A strong toxic effect was found with every tested product when adult parasitoids were exposed to freshly applied residues on both glass plates and maize leaves for 24 hours. Candolfi mp, blumel s, forster r, bakker fm, grimm c, hassan sa, heimbach u, meadbriggs ma, reber b, schmuck r, vogt h eds guidelines to evaluate sideeffects of plant protection products to nontarget. A total of 186 000 parasitoids were released at 20 sites in 198587. Shirota departments of entomology and of theoretical production ecology, agricultural university, wageningen, the netherlands, respectively. Epicuticular factors involved in host recognition for the aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi fre. Pdf a laboratory test for evaluating the effects of.
This book combines fundamental information about aphids with chapters addressing stateoftheart research in topics such as aphidrelated phylogeny, genome biology, epigenetics and chemical ecology. A survey of 197 cereal crops on the south island in late 1986 showed that 47% were infested with a. Buy nutritional ecology of an insect hostparasitoid association. Entomophthorales for biocontrol of the diamondback moth plutella xylostella lepidoptera. On the identity of cereal aphid parasitoid wasps aphidius. There was a significant interaction between parasitoid presence and paclobutrazol on aphid abundance, such that aphids were less abundant on paclobutrazoltreated plants than untreated plants when no parasitoids were present, but more abundant on treated plants when parasitoids were present f 1,170 29. Braconidae is a solitary endoparasitoid used for biological control of many economically important pest aphids.
Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can. Pdf three new records of the subfamily aphidiinae hymenoptera. Aphidius is an outstanding searcher, and can locate new aphid colonies even when aphid populations are low. The parasitic wasp aphidius rhopalosiphi was chosen as nontarget arthropod nta standard specie since it proved to be the most sensitive in a range of experiments carried out on different species of nta with many different plant protection products. Bourdais d1, vernon p, krespi l, le lannic j, van baaren j.
Complete metamorphosis takes place within the host. The phenology and natural enemies of macrohomotoma gladiata kuwayama hemiptera, homotomidae on ficus microcarpa l. Pdf an extended laboratory test for evaluating the effects of plant. National institutes of health the european molecular biology laboratory state secretariat for education, research and innovation seri. Aphidius rhopalosiphi 251 a a specimens considered in the mixed models as we tested the interaction term between the parasitoid species and the research sites, we included in the analyses any species sampled in the three research sites.
Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoids praon volucre. The agricultural production in the neotropical region is highly affected by the attack of pests and diseases. Epicuticular factors involved in host recognition for the. Side effects of insecticides on aphidius rhopalosiphi hym. An extended laboratory test for evaluating the effects of. Cab direct platform is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health. Another potential issue to be considered is that any indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies may not necessarily be affiliated with the active ingredient but due to inert ingredients in the commercial. During their larval stage, most aphidius feed within the body of an aphid. Establishment of aphidius rhopalosiphi, a parasitoid of the. Pdf on the identity of cereal aphid parasitoid wasps. Jun 11, 2015 aphidius colemani viereck hymenoptera. Introduced to south africa during 1988 from turkey and during 198990 from the u. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status.
Using olfactometer assays, we compared hpc preference of aphidius ervi haliday. We investigated the oviposition, flight and walking capacities at low temperature of four aphid parasitoids aphidius rhopalosiphi, a. Aphidius adults are small wasps, typically less than 18 inch 3 mm long. But aphids are also important model organisms in evolutionary biology and ecology because they combine a number of unique features such as complex life cycles involving the development of morphological distinct phenotypes polyphenism, sexual and asexual reproduction strategies and changes of host plants. A laboratory test for evaluating the effects of plant protection products on the parasitic wasp, aphidius rhopalosiphi destephaniperez hymenoptera. Biology and ecology of aphids books pics download new. Aphidius are about 23mm long and black with brown legs. Exposure will last for 7 days with assessments on day 3 and 7. Oct 26, 2009 laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin residues to the aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi destefani.
Biobest and duijvestijn tomaten pioneer biological crop protection sidebyside. Parasitoids adults, less than 48 hours old, are exposed to different. Indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies intechopen. Residual toxicities were compared by iterating sequences of lethal dose ratios between ld10 and ld90 from the doseresponse. Compact plants reduce biological control of myzus persicae by aphidius colemani. Numerous and charismatic, the lepidoptera is one of the most widely studied groups of invertebrates. Canadian journal of plant science canadian science publishing. Nontarget arthropod testing with the parasitic wasp aphidius rhopalosiphi the acute toxicity of adult aphidius rhopalosiphi will be measured in the laboratory via contact on treated glass surfaces, barely seedlings or treated leaves, respectively, compared to a water treated control and to a reference item. One species from this group, aphidius rhopalosiphi destefaniperez, has. One larvae will eat about 400 mediumsize aphids during its development to the pupal stage. Exposure will last for 48 hours with assessments after 2, 24 and 48 hours. Though often highly effective for aphid suppression, the literature reveals that a. During the study, all immature instars of the pest were found on infested shoots indicating overlapping generations.
In addition, the methodology used to evaluate indirect effects of pesticides on natural enemies may influence the results obtained. Molecular biology and genetics of the lepidoptera presents a wideranging collection of studies on the lepidoptera, treating them as specialized insects with distinctive features and as model systems for carrying out cuttingedge research. Nontarget arthropod testing with the parasitic wasp. Oviposition behaviour was tested at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10. Aphidius matricariae parasitizes about 40 aphid species, including green peach aphid and closely related species for information on aphids, see sheet 340. New iobcwprs publications we are glad to announce a very important new iobc wprs book m. Precocious activity of parasitoids is a key factor for cereal aphid control. Response of the pea aphid parasite aphidius ervi haliday. Braconidae per hectare in two waves at 1wk intervals allowed the control of the aphid sitobion avenae. International organization for biological control iobc 2009. Aphid parasitoids in biological control canadian journal. Levie, a legrand, marietherese ucl dogot, p pels, christophe ucl baret, philippe ucl hance, thierry ucl. Iobc internet book of biological control, v 5, january 2008. Residual toxicities were compared by iterating sequences of lethal dose ratios between ld10 and ld90 from the doseresponse statistics for each substrate.
One group of organisms that may perform this function in vineyards is the beneficial invertebrates that. Bourdais d, vernon p, krespi l, le lannic j, van baaren j 2006 antennal structure of male and female aphidius rhopalosiphi destefani. Given its widespread use, a vast array of literature on this natural enemy exists. Extremely fast moving, they grow to 12 long over 23 weeks, then pupate, usually on the top of the leaf, into another adult ladybug. Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoids praon volucre and aphidius rhopalosiphi. Meadbriggs ma, brown k, candolfi mp, coulson mjm, miles m, moll m, nienstedt km, schuld m, ufer a, mcindoe e 2000 a laboratory test for evaluating the effects of plant protection products on the parasitic wasp, aphidius rhopalosiphi destephaniperez hymenoptera, braconidae. Biocides good laboratory practice,good experimental practice. Use of parasitoids as a biocontrol agent in the neotropical. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
But despite knowing the importance of sensory organs in their behavior, their antennal structure has never been described. Confused by a class within a class or an order within an order. Using olfactometer assays, we compared hpc preference of aphidius ervi haliday hymenoptera. Biological control of cereal aphids was attempted during two years, using two approaches. Early experience of olfactory stimuli associated with their hostplant complex hpc is an important driver of parasitoid foraging choices, notably leading to host fidelity. Wei j n, bai b b, yin t s, wang y, yang y, zhao l h, kuang r p, xiang r j. Increased biodiversity is being promoted as an important aim for australian agriculture, but the measurement of biodiversity is problematic and often not practical. Nontarget arthropod testing with the predatory mite. The effect of fungus infection of metopolophium dirhodum hom. Mass releases of aphidius rhopalosiphi hymenoptera.
Aphidius rhopalosiphi wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Finally, the species that are commercialized for biological control purposes are also. The chapters have been compiled by experts in the field to provide a valuable and accessible source of information for researchers and for. Improved fitness of aphid parasitoids receiving resource. An alternative involves the development of surrogate indicators for biodiversity on farms that have direct links to production. The predatory mite typhlodromus pyri is recommended as one of the most sensitive standard species for nontarget arthropod regulatory testing for plant protection products candolfi et al. The effect of fungus infection of metopolophium dirhodum hom aphididae on the oviposition behaviour of the aphid parasitoid aphidius rhopalosiphi hym. Advances in molecular tools and genomic techniques have reduced the need for large sizes and massrearing, and lepidopteran model systems are increasingly used to illuminate broadbased experimental questions as well as those peculiar to butterflies and moths. Preliminary study on the biology, natural enemies and. This species has a type iii functional response and its numerical response maximizes the exploitation of dense patches stilmant, 1996.
Aphidius rhopalosiphi eurasian species and aphidius avenaphis. Due to the overuse of pesticides, sustainable methods of control are in demand, such as biological control. Pdf a laboratory test for evaluating the effects of plant. It is an endoparasite which means it kills its prey by consuming it from the inside. Mechanisms involved, such as peripheral or central modulation, and the impact of a complex olfactory environment are unknown. The nymph continues its nymph business until the egg hatches. Jan 01, 2012 in an experimental study, levie et al.
Belgian pioneer biobest is one of the leaders in biological cannabis crop protection. Induction of a thelytokous reproduction in the aphidius. Integrated pest management ipm considered the use of biological control as a method to suppress the population of pests in several field agricultural systems and in protected. Compact plants reduce biological control of myzus persicae.
Group comet and international organization for biological control iobc. Larval morphology and development of aphidius rhopalosiphi. Meadbriggs and others published a laboratory test for evaluating the effects of plant protection products on the parasitic wasp, aphidius rhopalosiphi destephaniperez. Aphidiidae for biological control of myzus persicae homoptera.
Early olfactory environment influences antennal sensitivity. The parasitic wasp aphidius rhopalosiphi is recommended as one of the most sensitive standard species for nontarget arthropod regulatory testing for plant protection products candolfi et al. Establishment of aphidius rhopalosiphi, a parasitoid of. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Plant growth regulators could affect herbivore abundance directly via herbivore biology or indirectly via their parasitoids.
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